![]() ![]() Intrinsic stains are related to the pigments inside the tooth tissues caused by medications, such as tetracycline and fluorine disorders from odontogenesis, such as amelogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta dental trauma and also local causes, such as pulpal necrosis or hemorrhage, poorly performed endodontic treatment, or root resorption ( 11– 13). Extrinsic stains are related to the chromogenic agents' deposition on the enamel surface, such as those from the diet, tobacco consumption, or spontaneous deposition of pigments produced by microorganisms from the biofilm ( 10, 11). The success of bleaching procedures depends mainly on the identification of the color alteration origin, which is usually classified as extrinsic or intrinsic. In this context, professional tooth bleaching is the most popular choice for those desiring brighter teeth, with proven satisfactory aesthetic outcomes and conservative techniques ( 7– 9). For example, Instagram, a photo-sharing platform, boosts an upward of 1,050 photos per second ( 6) with the highest rate of engagement, enabling the users to interact both with their peers and celebrities, creating opportunities for regular exposure to idealized images ( 5) and smiles. The internet, and more recently, social media networks with over 2.6 billion active users can act as a powerful tool to advertise the dental business, treatment options, and digital marketing, besides modulating people's behavior, desires, and consumption habits ( 5). Although being universal in humans, there are a few cross-cultural differences regarding the display and composition of smiles, which, in occidental populations, is idealized by white and aligned teeth, increasing the patient's desire and demands for esthetical dental procedures, often considered as controversial ( 3, 4). The action of smiling is one of the most basic human expressions, a potent social tool, generally used to express joy and satisfaction, and plays a crucial role in interpersonal relations ( 1, 2). Still, there is no sound evidence that any of the described OTC products promote a better bleaching effect than the products indicated for a professional. The dentist should be aware of the composition and mode of action of each individual product as they change according to the composition and the vehicle used to recommend the best mode of usage. Also, their indiscriminate use might induce damage and deleterious effects over tooth tissues or gingival tissues. Despite the vehicle, an indication for the use of these products should be made after a careful individual diagnosis of the etiology of the dental staining, considering that most of them seem to be effective only in removing extrinsic stains or preventing their formation over enamel. Regarding strips, they present hydrogen peroxide in a variety of concentrations and are the only OTC products able to promote bleaching. Charcoal has been included in the composition of these products to improve their whitening effect but there is no evidence supporting it. The same was found for rinses, which might present a low pH, with an erosive potential. Dentifrices usually present a combination of abrasives that can induce damage to the tooth surface without evidence of promoting real bleaching. This review aimed to describe their mode of action, whitening effectiveness, and harmful effects associated with the indiscriminate use of these products. In this context, whitening over-the-counter (OTC) products are available in several vehicles, such as toothpaste, rinses, gums, paint-on varnishes, and strips, but their effectiveness in terms of bleaching is questioned. The role of bleaching agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in tooth bleaching is quite well-described in a few literature studies and considered as the option choice for those desiring brighter teeth, but alternative methods have emerged to fulfill the desire of patients in a faster, easier, and cheaper way. ![]() Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté - UNITAU, São Paulo, Brazil.Maiara Rodrigues de Freitas Marynara Mathias de Carvalho Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni Ana Clara Borges Fort Rodrigo de Morais e Moura Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta *
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |